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I write about production failures, AI product decisions, software design, open source, and teaching.
If you are new here, start with the essays in the Start Here section below. They get close to how I think: direct, a little skeptical, and more interested in what survives contact with reality than what sounds clever in a thread.
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cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllolollllcc:. .,.,;lo;' ,',llllc' .:loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllool:;,,,;::l''';';,,:. .c;.loo,.'colcclooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll:,',::,,,',,.;:::loo'l'.c';l;, ',;'.:,;l;:oooolcccoooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllc;,',',;, . ...',,,;',;,,;'c;..',.cl :l:c..'::'.;ccccc::..:lllllllllllllllllllllllll cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll,.'',.'''. ......,,...'.....'..'....... ........'. .oooool;.,:c::ooooooooooooooooooolll cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll;:lc:';;;'...,';;;,,;.',::;''.. ......c;, ,,cl:cc'',.'';cc,.;..,;;.,::cllllllllllllllllll cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll,.';..looool'cc:;,;;'.,:llll:c;.,.';.. . ;:;oooc,''lc,...,;cloocccoolcclooooooooooooooo ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll;..,..clooool,cllooooocc:;''''...;;'...... . .,...'.. ,cc'':';:lococ:oddool::loddooodooooo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll:.....;looooool,coooooooooooooooc. ''''.;;.. . ''.,''. ,;,.',':c:',ll:ddolllo:lccloodddddoo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcccccccclcclclcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllollllllllllllc:'.''..coooooooll;coooooooooooooooo,;.,;:c';;. '. ... . ,,..,'. .'....;cloooo:odlc:cloooooo ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcllcllllllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllolllollllll,'.....:,looooolooo:;oooooooooooooooo,ol. ',l:., ';cc. ..,'. ..'.',.cc:c.:;..';;,.::,,,;;',,;;; ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooooooooc:'. ..',cl,loolloooooc,oooooooooooooood'llc. ..,oo :d;..; .c:.;:'..;;;;::,;.::::',,::';:::::,lolcl ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooooooooo:c;..;,;ccol,clloooooool,oooooooooooddodd'ol'...';;: .',o;,:'.;,,odccdddolcc;';:;;c:c,,';cccc:'...', ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloololoooooooooooooooolll::.,':ooool::oooooooooo;looooooooooodddo.:..:cc..o; :o;ldl'. :dd:cdddddddo:dddlccccc'......,;;,c: cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooooooooloooooooooooooooooooooollllcl:;::loollol;oooooooooo;loooooodoooodddl 'lloldd;.. 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Rust
How Fallow gets dead-code and dependency analysis done fast by skipping the TypeScript compiler, flattening graph storage, and leaning on Rust.
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cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllolollllcc:. .,.,;lo;' ,',llllc' .:loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllool:;,,,;::l''';';,,:. .c;.loo,.'colcclooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll:,',::,,,',,.;:::loo'l'.c';l;, ',;'.:,;l;:oooolcccoooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllc;,',',;, . ...',,,;',;,,;'c;..',.cl :l:c..'::'.;ccccc::..:lllllllllllllllllllllllll cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll,.'',.'''. ......,,...'.....'..'....... ........'. .oooool;.,:c::ooooooooooooooooooolll cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll;:lc:';;;'...,';;;,,;.',::;''.. ......c;, ,,cl:cc'',.'';cc,.;..,;;.,::cllllllllllllllllll cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll,.';..looool'cc:;,;;'.,:llll:c;.,.';.. . ;:;oooc,''lc,...,;cloocccoolcclooooooooooooooo ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll;..,..clooool,cllooooocc:;''''...;;'...... . .,...'.. ,cc'':';:lococ:oddool::loddooodooooo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll:.....;looooool,coooooooooooooooc. ''''.;;.. . ''.,''. ,;,.',':c:',ll:ddolllo:lccloodddddoo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcccccccclcclclcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllollllllllllllc:'.''..coooooooll;coooooooooooooooo,;.,;:c';;. '. ... . ,,..,'. .'....;cloooo:odlc:cloooooo ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcllcllllllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllolllollllll,'.....:,looooolooo:;oooooooooooooooo,ol. ',l:., ';cc. ..,'. ..'.',.cc:c.:;..';;,.::,,,;;',,;;; ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooooooooc:'. ..',cl,loolloooooc,oooooooooooooood'llc. ..,oo :d;..; .c:.;:'..;;;;::,;.::::',,::';:::::,lolcl ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooooooooo:c;..;,;ccol,clloooooool,oooooooooooddodd'ol'...';;: .',o;,:'.;,,odccdddolcc;';:;;c:c,,';cccc:'...', ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloololoooooooooooooooolll::.,':ooool::oooooooooo;looooooooooodddo.:..:cc..o; :o;ldl'. :dd:cdddddddo:dddlccccc'......,;;,c: cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooooooooloooooooooooooooooooooollllcl:;::loollol;oooooooooo;loooooodoooodddl 'lloldd;.. '..ooc..:: ,dd::dddddddl;dddddddddooo;'':oddood ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolllllollocolclooool,ooolllccc:';loooooddddddddl..cloldo;c. .c;.;:oo;..;ddc:dddddddo;dddddddddoccoo:ddooodd cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcllclcccclclccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllolloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolllllollooolcocoooooo,;c:cllloooolllllododddddddc'o..clc:o:. .,cc.,:''cc,ddc:dddddddo;ddddddo:.,oddo;ooodddd ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllllllcllllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllollollollloloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolllllolloooooolocoooolc;,cooooooooooooodollllodddd:,dd'..,;.,; 'l:c:..;odl'ddl:oooooooolododo:.;odoooo;odddddd ccccccccccccccccccccccccclccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooooooooollooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolllllolloooooooolocooolclcoooooooooooooooodddddollcc''cc,. .,:oc ,d:',,,.cdo.dooodddddddddddoocodddodddo;ddddddd ccccccccccccccccccccclllclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloloooooooooooooooooollooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolllllollooooooooooollooococooooooooooooooooodddddddddd,;o,..;.'l;; .,cd:c:c''o.oddddddddddddoldddodddddddd:ddddddo ccccccccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllolloooollllolllllooolollooooolooooooooooooooooooollooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollllloloooooooooooooololococooooooooooooodddoddddddddddd,;.';l:l;.o: :o;odddc'..ddddddddddooldddddodddddddd;ooooood llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloolooloolooooooooolooooooooooolooooooooooooooooooooooooooollooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollllloloooooooooooooooooll:llloooooddodddodddddddddddddddd..lololddl.. '..odddddd' oddddddoodddddddddoodddddoooddddddd llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooololllolooooooooooooooooooooloooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddo..'oloodo:l. .l:.cdddl'..oddddooddddddddddddooddoodddddddddd llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooololloolooooooooooooddoddoddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddood.o;.,loc:o;. .ldo.,o,.'o'ldooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollooloooooooooooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoodddd.ddc .'c;'cl ,l:lo. ':dd,cddddddxxdddddddddddddddddddddddddd lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllolloooolooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollooooooodododddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoodddddd.dxo;...'dxo ,xd,.,,.;dd;:xxxxxxxxxxdddddddddddddddddddddddd lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolloooooooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoodddddxxxo.xd;..,.c::l ,;.co,;:..d::xxxxxxxxxxxxxddddddddddddddddddddd lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodooooooooooooooooooooolloooooooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoodddddxxxxxl'o..,cl:.:o, :dc:dxoc'.';xxxxxxxxxxxxdddddddddddddddddddddd lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllolooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodddddddooooooodoooooloooooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooddddddxxxxxxxc..cooldxd.', ..,lxxxxxo; .dxxxxxxxxxxxxddddddddddddddddddddd llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooolooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodddoddoodddddddddddddddddddooooloooooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddodddddddddxxxxxxx; :xoolxxxc'. .;.;xxxxxxc..dxxxxxxxxxdddddddddddddddddddddddd llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooollooooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooddddddddddddxxxxxd;;,':olxo:ld' 'xx;'oxxl'.c.xxxxxxxxdddddddddddddddddddddddddd lllllllllllllllllllllllollolloooloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodoooddoooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooolloooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoooddddddddddddddxddxxx,cdc.'cc:o;., .;ldl.;,,;dd.dxxxxxxddxdddddddddddddddddddddddd llllllllllllllllllllloollooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddddoddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooolloooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoodddddddddddddddxxxxxxxx':lo:...''ldl ,xo;;...,lll.dxxxxxxxxxxxdddddddddddddddddddddd lllllllllllllllllllllllooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooododoooddddddddddddddddddddddddddoooloooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooddddddddddddddddxxxxxxxxxd.:oo:,. ,:dxl ,xo'',.'.;lc.oxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxdddddddddddddddddd lllllllllllllllllloolooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddoddddddddddddddddddddddddoooloooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoodddddddddddddddxxdxxxxxxdddd.cx:...,.:c,: .';ol:':c',d lxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxdddddxxxddddddxx llllllllllllllllllooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddoooooooodddddodddddddddddddddddddoooolooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooddddddddddddddddddxxdxxxddddxxd c''cd,lo.,c. :l:cx,do:'. cxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxdxxxxxxxxdxxxx lllllllllllllloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddooooooooddooddddddddddddddddddddddooccloooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooddddddddddddddddddddxxxxxddddxxxxc .:l:c,:;;,.. ..,llc;ccc:. ,dxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx llllllollllloolloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddddddddddddddddddddddddooolccloddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooddddddddddddddddddddxxxxddddxxxolll' .c;''.;ll:;. .:.,locoool' .:loxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx llllllloollloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddddddddddddddddddddddoooloooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooddddddddddddddddddddxxxxddddxdlllloxxo:.;.cl::,o:ll. .;oc.oxxd:.';;xxdllldxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx llloooooooollloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodddddddddddddddddddoooloooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddodddddddddddddddddddddxxxddddolllc,:l:;c;;:'xd..;l:'l;,: .,,:;.;:,,cxc,xxxxxxolloxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodddddddddddddddddddooooooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddxdocc,..':cc:,c:oxxlx;'oxx;..:;':xo ,xo:;....cooc'xxxxxxxxxdllldxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddddddddddddddddddoooloooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddolccc,:,',,;: .. ...',':,';..',;,...;llcl ,xx:,;,;..';;.oododc,clccc:..codddddddddddddddd ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddddddddddddddddddddddoooooooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoddddddddddddddddddd;.;,;'' ...... ',,.';c,cc:,..;.... .... ....''..'. c .'::;.':lccl:l;dolccodddddddddddd ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodddddddddddddddddddddddoooooooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoddddddddddddddddddddd::lc;.lddolc::,.',;:;;c,ccccc.'.,;..,:',' .. 'c:;odo;. ...:;.,,..'coo:ld;ddddoccccddddddddd oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodooddddddddddddddddddddoooooooodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddooddddddddddddddddddddddo' .;.'dddxxxxxd::dddoc:,;,.',, .;lc,, .. .,,....',. ,:;'oc;,ll;oxx:xxxxdooccllldxxxxx oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddoodddoddddddddddddddddddooooooooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoodddddddddddddddddddddddo,.....cddddxxxxxxl;dxxxxxxxxxxxd; ,,'.'.:;,'. ....,:',,,,. .,,:,,,...';lo:xdoodxxolxxxolloxx oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodddodddddoddddddddddddddddddlooodooddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddoodddddddddddddddddddddddcc. '. ,ddddxxxxxxxxo;dxxxxxxxxxxxxx...xxccc,o:.. c; ...;co;. .;:,. ... .:dxxxxdcxxxxdl;,oTF-IDF in OCaml cover
OCaml
Building a local code search engine in OCaml turned out to be a good excuse to learn TF-IDF, pure pipelines, and where immutability actually helps.
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:::::::::::::::::::::::::::c::::c:::ccc:c:cc:ccccccccccccccccclddddxxxddoookOxxddoddolokkkOdkdkxxdxdxxkxxxxxxxdkOkOxOxxOkkkOxdlcccccccccccccccc::ccccccc::cccc:c::::c:c::cc:c:::::c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::ccc::c:cccc:::cccc::ccc:ccccccc:cccccccccccccccccccccloooxlkOxddolocccxO0OOxOdkdolkOkkKO0x0kxxkxOOKO0OOKkxkOk0kOdkdxxOoO00kkxdoccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:ccccccccccccc:::::c::c:c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccoooddooloclkOOxxxdoclcdOk00kkxxokdkOkkKx0x0kkkxxK000OKk0kOdK0XOK00KO0dxO0kkkOxOkxkxocccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllxkdoolc::llkk0OkxdlooolOx0O0xkxkkxkOkOKk0O0OOOxOKKOKOKOKOdOKKKKOXOXOOxKKX0OOdxkOd00OOxdlcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:c:cc::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllcolxkdolclclloOx0Oxdodxdokx000Okk0OOOKk0000O00O000XXKX00XKOx0KNKXK0XOKxO0XKXKKXKKkx00O0kkkxdlcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:cc:ccccccc:ccccc:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllcccc:ccxlOOolodollckdk0OddxOOkOkkKO0kxxddkdOxxxkdxOkddkOkxxkOOkkOOKKKKXXXK0OKXKNKKKKKO0XXKOxxO0Od0Kkocccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:c:c:cc::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 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cccccccccccccccccccccclcclc;;;;;;;:d:::clollcc::ldocxokdooolldxkxOOllodkOxk00xxxdkkkxkOkdkkxkkkxxdkK0kkOxxd0k0kKOOK00KXX0KO0OXXXXKXKKOON0OK0kOXNXXNNNNXOkXO0XKlccclclccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccclcclcclcccclclllc:oc;;:::;;:x::coolcooocclxlkddoolloooxkkO0dxxddxkxxkdoookxxxxldkOOxxdOOkxkK0OkxxdOxxxO0OkkK00O0OOOKKXNXXXKK0XNX0OkKKk0KKNWNNNNNK0KXXkkllllllllcclccllcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc llllclllllllcclllllllllc;,;cc:;::::::d::odccllcodoldOOxddkxxdlclod0kdooxokdxOdllldkxxddxxdkOOkxxxd0XOkOOkx0O000kdxkOxkkk0k00O0KXN0OKXXXKXNXX0OXK00NWNNNXKKOXXOxklllllllllllllllllllllllcllllcccccccccccclccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc 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lllllllllllllllllll;,;;;;;;;;;;::;;lol::dll::::ldl:::ccoccldoodolllldxxddxxO0OkxOkooddxkddxdkooloOO0xxxxOkOkOO0OOOO0000K0KXK0O00KKOOOxxkx0KKX0K00K0OKOkXWNX00XKXOxxllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclccccccccccccccccccccc llllllllllllllllll:,,,;:;:;;;;;;;;;:d:ll:xkc::dd::::;::clc:cxkdooooddxolokxxdooxOdooooldkxdddxdlo00OxkkkkkOkxkk0O0OkkKKKK0K0KX00XX0000kkOx0K00NXKXX00K0XNKKNXWkO0xkdllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcccccc lllllllllllllllllc,,,;;;l;;;:::,,;::xc:::c0dcoc::::::::::c::lokdddoooddodooxlooxdkxooollodddddxldKK0OOO0OkkkkkkkkkkOO00OOOO0KKKKNXKKOKXkkKK0O0XNXXNNK0KKXXNNWNX0KKN0llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 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Product Development
If the product flow is weak, adding an LLM usually just adds latency, opacity, and a fancier way to disappoint users.
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:OW00,.,okW'lkK0WNx0odOXNKdkxkkOO0OOO0KO0NX0O0OOOOOxclcloldxxxkkxkkOO0000KXK0OOOOOOx,cKN0l;;c::cccccoddxkxkKOdccocodO00old::;c0kcl000oc0KOo0kOddxooood0kOxOOOKOkOOk0000KX0KKX0OOOOOOOOOOOOOkl;;;; OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkOkOOO000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkdddxxkkOOO00K0KKOWXoc;....,kNXO:'lxWoON0NMkkXllddkKNKOkdkkOOO000OOOKKO00OOx:;:clclllddxoddkkkOOOOOKKXX0OOOOOOl;oxc:::;;,;,,;,::llokOKk0kddlolcoOOdldolddocoxxdlK00O00kdxdoOx0OOxd0x:cxKOOk00O00O00O0K0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOx;;;;; OkkkOOOOOOOOOOOxdddxkkOOO000KKKKKK00OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOxolooxdkkOkOOOO0KXWWXcccc.'',,;xNKdOK0WWOoKMKdkXdc:cldx0NXkOkkOOOkOk00O0XK0Ok;;;;:cc::looddooOxkkkkO0OKKK0OOOOOOx:::;:;;;;;;;;;,,:ldxOkO0OK000OxxckOxxdodkxocOxkkK00O0x;;dkllxx0l00oOoxkkkOOdOOOkOOOOkO0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOd;;,;; OOkkkOOkkOOOOdlllddxkOkkkOO00KKKXXXK0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOo:cldollxxkkxxOOKWWX0dclo;;.cc';ldNNNMXNNoOWM0kOXdc:ccodxxONNKOOOkOOO00XO0NK0ll:;::;::::cOOxkkKKXXOkkOOOK0OOOOOOOx;;;;;;:c:coxO0OxkxxXXK0O0OK0K0OOd,OKkdlok0Oo0OKK00XOkdllkkcdkOo00OOdkONxKokdxOOkOxkxOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOl;,,, doollllllllol;clollddxkxxOO000000XXXK0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOk:;:clllllxOOOkKXWWKOxcc,';:';ccllddXMMKNNOWWXX0O0kldodd0000OOXNX0OkOOkO0X0OXKkldc:o:,;;::clddlddkdOxoxkkOOOOOOOOOOl;;;;;ddodxkk0NKWNkl:xKkk00K00OOO::Od::;'',',;lox000xdoddolkxOK000Ol00o0KOKOOkxxkkOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOxl;, llllllllllll:;::::cco0OOkXKXXKOO0OKK0doddxxxxddollcclclccc:;;::cccllkKKNWXXKXkcc;.,lc:c:lll;ddKWKXNXMWNNk000locdcd:lkOkxkKX00kkO0k0K0OKXkxcco;,;;;,ccoxlxdcoOkxxkOOOOOOOOOOOOxc:;xKkOxkcoK0OOX000kkkkkOk0Okddocll:;;,,;;;:odxxO00xoldkokO00000ddxkK00KOdKKOdKxkOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkx 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Logging
Why one structured event per request makes AI-assisted debugging far more useful than a pile of scattered console logs.
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cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcccclccllccclclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllc:l,'..;;c.;,cc;:';c:lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllcccccllccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllc:'.':,.c: .cccllc'';lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllccccccccccccclcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll;.:cl:lc.;.:.;lllll.'lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 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cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll;cc,'.';:o.:;,:,,',c;looooolooolooooollollllllllllllllllll ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllccccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooo;l,':c;;c, .cl:llc,;;looooooooooooooollollllllllllllllllll cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllclccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooloooll.',;,',,.' .',;:::;' coooooooooooooooooooolloolooooolooool 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cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll,.';..looool'cc:;,;;'.,:llll:c;.,.';.. . ;:;oooc,''lc,...,;cloocccoolcclooooooooooooooo ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll;..,..clooool,cllooooocc:;''''...;;'...... . .,...'.. ,cc'':';:lococ:oddool::loddooodooooo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll:.....;looooool,coooooooooooooooc. ''''.;;.. . ''.,''. ,;,.',':c:',ll:ddolllo:lccloodddddoo cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcccccccclcclclcclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllollllllllllllc:'.''..coooooooll;coooooooooooooooo,;.,;:c';;. '. ... . ,,..,'. .'....;cloooo:odlc:cloooooo ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclcllcllllllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllolllollllll,'.....:,looooolooo:;oooooooooooooooo,ol. 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AI
A walkthrough of RISQ, the intake scoring system I worked on, combining transcripts, external verification, and disposition gates.
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oooooooooooooolloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddddddoddooooooooodddddddddddddddddoddddoooolllllllllllllllooolllllllllooodoooodddddodooddoddddooooooooooooooooooooololoooollooooooolollllllllllllllolllcllllllllccccccccccccccclllllllllcccccccccccc
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollooooodddddddddddddoddddddddddoooooooooooooooooolllllllllllllllllllllooooddddddooooooodddddoddddoooooooooooololooooooooollllllllooooooollllllllloooollllllllllllllllcllccccccccccccclllllllcccccccc::cccl
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ccllllooooooooooooooooolllllllllllllllllloooooollllllllllllllllcccccccc:::ccccccccllllllllooooooooooollllllllcllllllooooodddddddooooooooodooooddoddooooododddodddddooodooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolloolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclcccccclccccccccllccccccclll
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloollllllllllllllllllcccccc::::::::cccccccllllllllllllooollllllllllllllcllloooooooooooooododdooooodoodoooooooddodddoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooloooooooollllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc::::::::c:ccccccccccll
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cccccccccccccc::c::cccccccccclllllllclllllllccccccccccc:::::::::::::cccccllllccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooloooololllolllollooooololllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcccccclccccccccccccccccccccc::::::::cccccc:::::::::::;;:::::::::::::cccccccccc
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Abstractions and RegretsSoftware Design
A short list of abstractions I added too early, why they got worse over time, and the heuristics I use now to avoid repeating it.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;;;::;;;;;;;;;; :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:;;;;;;;;; ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;;;;;; ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c::c:::c:cc:::::c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;;; :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c:cccccccccllodddddxdOxxxxxkxxxxkOxxdxddddoollcccccccccc:::c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ccc:::::c:c:c:cccccccclododdk0kkxxxdxddox0kOdkokoOoxoddOdOoOdOxkkKOOxxddlccccccccccccccccccccccc::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::c::::c:::ccc:c:cc:ccccccccccccccccclddddxxxddoookOxxddoddolokkkOdkdkxxdxdxxkxxxxxxxdkOkOxOxxOkkkOxdlcccccccccccccccc::ccccccc::cccc:c::::c:c::cc:c:::::c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::ccc::c:cccc:::cccc::ccc:ccccccc:cccccccccccccccccccccloooxlkOxddolocccxO0OOxOdkdolkOkkKO0x0kxxkxOOKO0OOKkxkOk0kOdkdxxOoO00kkxdoccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:ccccccccccccc:::::c::c:c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccoooddooloclkOOxxxdoclcdOk00kkxxokdkOkkKx0x0kkkxxK000OKk0kOdK0XOK00KO0dxO0kkkOxOkxkxocccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllxkdoolc::llkk0OkxdlooolOx0O0xkxkkxkOkOKk0O0OOOxOKKOKOKOKOdOKKKKOXOXOOxKKX0OOdxkOd00OOxdlcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:c:cc::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllcolxkdolclclloOx0Oxdodxdokx000Okk0OOOKk0000O00O000XXKX00XKOx0KNKXK0XOKxO0XKXKKXKKkx00O0kkkxdlcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:cc:ccccccc:ccccc:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllcccc:ccxlOOolodollckdk0OddxOOkOkkKO0kxxddkdOxxxkdxOkddkOkxxkOOkkOOKKKKXXXK0OKXKNKKKKKO0XXKOxxO0Od0Kkocccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:c:c:cc::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccl:ollc::clloxolkkoddddolxxx00OxddooxoOOOkkxxdokkOxkxxdxxkkx0KkOOOkOkxxkKkOOdkxkX0XNNXXXXKO0XXXNXXKkkOkKX0kxocccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:c:::c:::::::::::::::::: cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:::::dlcccllllkllcdOxxxxxxOdlOOkkddolkoOxO0OOxxdk0kkOOkxkkxOO0KOK0K0kkk00K0kOkxxx0kxxOO0XKK0XNXXXXXXXKk0O0K0kxxdlcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:ccc:cc:::c:::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:::::::lc:cclloxlcclk0kxdllddlOdOOOdodkdxd0O00kkxOKkOOOkxkOkkOKXKK0k0kx00K0K0K0OxK00Ok0xxdd0XKNWNXXXX00XNXKkk00kk0Oocccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccxdlcccc::::::cocclllxocldodOkoolokokokOOkdxOOxdk0O00kkKkk0OkOOOOOOOKXKKKOkOkKK0K0OK0k00X00KKK0xk00kkOKXNN0KXNNXXXKOkO00kOdcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc;;doooocccc::::codoooxclolllk0koddkxoookkOOxO0ddd0OO0OOKkOOOOOOOkxxkKKOOOKKOOKX0O000O00K0K00000OKXKOxKOkx0XNXNNXNNNX000KKxkklcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:;;;;dllcoooc::::coxkclxllkoooldk0xdkOolooOkkOOKxox00kOxKk0OOO0kxddook00kkxxxOOOKKK000OKXKXK0OKO0KXXXXKKkkkXX0KNWNNNKKXNKkOXOxOxllccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccccccccccccccccclcclc;;;;;;;:d:::clollcc::ldocxokdooolldxkxOOllodkOxk00xxxdkkkxkOkdkkxkkkxxdkK0kkOxxd0k0kKOOK00KXX0KO0OXXXXKXKKOON0OK0kOXNXXNNNNXOkXO0XKlccclclccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccclcclcclcccclclllc:oc;;:::;;:x::coolcooocclxlkddoolloooxkkO0dxxddxkxxkdoookxxxxldkOOxxdOOkxkK0OkxxdOxxxO0OkkK00O0OOOKKXNXXXKK0XNX0OkKKk0KKNWNNNNNK0KXXkkllllllllcclccllcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc llllclllllllcclllllllllc;,;cc:;::::::d::odccllcodoldOOxddkxxdlclod0kdooxokdxOdllldkxxddxxdkOOkxxxd0XOkOOkx0O000kdxkOxkkk0k00O0KXN0OKXXXKXNXX0OXK00NWNNNXKKOXXOxklllllllllllllllllllllllcllllcccccccccccclccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc llllllllllllllllllllll:,,;;:o:::;:::;ld::d:c::::clllxodooclccloloxoxxxxdodOkkOolookxddookxOxxkOkkxKXO0O0O00K00kxx000kOkxdkO0KK0OOOOXXXXKNNX0XKKKXOOXXKKKXNNO0XxkOolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcllllllllccclllcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc llllllllllllllllllllc:,,;;;;;l:clc;:::oo:ol::c::::lo:olclllllloloodlolkkxdx0kOxoldxxllooxkkkxdoooOXNK0OOOKKOKOxx000OKOOxkOOOxkkkO0K0O0KXXXXXNXWKKX0OXNXXNNNXk0KKN0lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllcclcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc lllllllllllllllllllc:;,,;;;;;;c:;coo;::docl:::cccoc::collddclldoollxoddooxkOOk0xdkxxddddkdokddoookO0kkkkkkO0O0k00OO0KKkOOKKKOOO0OkOOkddKKKXKXNNK0OOXKOXWWNWNN0NNOkolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc 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kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxllOOkoccccccc::::;:,,:,,:;;:ccclxddxdkK0XK0KN0OOOkkkkOkkkkkkkkkkkkkkl'',,'',''''''''.''';;'..''..,x;coddodkxOddoooooocoOolx;dkxdodcoxdddxxddld0Okk0OOO0Oxxk00OOXKKXXKOO00KXKKOOkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxxkkkkkkxxxkxx kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxlllccccccccc::::::;;:;,:;;:ccclloodddxkkX000WKO0OkkkOOOkkkkkkkkkkkkkxl;,,,'''''''','...'dol',ooc,kkkxxokO0ddOdxo,xxdccdX0xxoolokOodxkxdlddxkd00xOO00kOOkkk0OkkK0KNKO0K0K00KXX0Okkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxxxxk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkoccccccc:;;;;;;;,,,,;;;;;;,;;ccllloxxxxxkKKO0NX0OOkkxkOOkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxo:,','''...'''''';cl,:k0O;ckkdlodddoldkxo,kO00K0X0;XkodokdockK0XKkOkxdOKNKWWWX0KOxkO0OK0OKKOkOOOKKX0KNX0O0Okkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxxxk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkOkkkkOOkkOOOOOOOkOOOkOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkkkkkkkxo;,;::::cccoooodoooollcoxxxxkk00Ok0KOkKX0OOOOOOOOkOOOkkkkkkkkkkkkxo::,''''.'...;oOOxkl0Ok:dxoo;;;::xkOd:,odddxKKo,KXkloKoclcdkOK0kkdcl;xKNNXXK0OkkOOkkOO0O000KOO0XXKNXKXXK0Okkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkOkkkkkkOOOOOOOOOOOkOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOd::ccclldox0X0kWXOxOxkxxkOOOOOO00OkOX0OKW00OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkxd::,,,'''ccloxK0k0KOl:oo::;,:000dc:K0000dlcKX0kokKOkx:,.',;::olxxc:ll'c0dodkodOkKKOOOkkk000KXXNXK0KNX00Okkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk OkkOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOc:colokxOxkKWOkWMMXXKMWX0OOOOOOOOO0OkKKO0WXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkdol:;:::,,',;:dOOOo:lkolcdOOxl:lOOOOkcoXKOkxOO:cc:c;:;:lodllOxko'':dNkdkkkx0OOO000OkOOOO0KXX00KXKNXKX0Okkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOx;:OOxxOkOkkKNOONWMNNMMMWNOOOOOOOOOOO0k0KO0XN0000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkxdddllclcodO00ododdoxxddo:xxxxxodXK0OkkO,,'.'l:ooddxxkoddolddlddOOdkOxk0XNWWK0kOO0000K0000XXNXKXNKOOkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkx OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOxoONKkxoco:loooOKOO0kcxXNNNXOOOOOOOO0O0OOXKOKN00OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkkxkxkkkOOOOOOOOOOOOOkxxo:kdxkxkxoddkkdcl0kk0kOX000Ox0o;;dk;xkkdkO0xxkx:kkx0Kkkookxxcocd0Ox00kxOOkO00O00OKXNKXKNKXKOkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxl: OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0NNkdoONxkkollxONOOO0kXNXO0XNKkkxkxOkOOO0OKKO0NK00OOOOOOOOOkdooookdkxkkOOOOO0000OOOOOOOOOc;0kxoxolddO0KkoX00KKX000XdOodclo0xckdlccccxkc:kOxKO:Xd:koookxl';:0kxkxkKXKOOO00KKK0XXNK0X0OkkOkkkkkkkkkkko:;: OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkOkOkO0O0000000XWKo,. :OW00,.,okW'lkK0WNx0odOXNKdkxkkOO0OOO0KO0NX0O0OOOOOxclcloldxxxkkxkkOO0000KXK0OOOOOOx,cKN0l;;c::cccccoddxkxkKOdccocodO00old::;c0kcl000oc0KOo0kOddxooood0kOxOOOKOkOOk0000KX0KKX0OOOOOOOOOOOOOkl;;;; OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkOkOOO000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkdddxxkkOOO00K0KKOWXoc;....,kNXO:'lxWoON0NMkkXllddkKNKOkdkkOOO000OOOKKO00OOx:;:clclllddxoddkkkOOOOOKKXX0OOOOOOl;oxc:::;;,;,,;,::llokOKk0kddlolcoOOdldolddocoxxdlK00O00kdxdoOx0OOxd0x:cxKOOk00O00O00O0K0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOx;;;;; OkkkOOOOOOOOOOOxdddxkkOOO000KKKKKK00OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOxolooxdkkOkOOOO0KXWWXcccc.'',,;xNKdOK0WWOoKMKdkXdc:cldx0NXkOkkOOOkOk00O0XK0Ok;;;;:cc::looddooOxkkkkO0OKKK0OOOOOOx:::;:;;;;;;;;;,,:ldxOkO0OK000OxxckOxxdodkxocOxkkK00O0x;;dkllxx0l00oOoxkkkOOdOOOkOOOOkO0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOd;;,;; OOkkkOOkkOOOOdlllddxkOkkkOO00KKKXXXK0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOo:cldollxxkkxxOOKWWX0dclo;;.cc';ldNNNMXNNoOWM0kOXdc:ccodxxONNKOOOkOOO00XO0NK0ll:;::;::::cOOxkkKKXXOkkOOOK0OOOOOOOx;;;;;;:c:coxO0OxkxxXXK0O0OK0K0OOd,OKkdlok0Oo0OKK00XOkdllkkcdkOo00OOdkONxKokdxOOkOxkxOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOl;,,, doollllllllol;clollddxkxxOO000000XXXK0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOk:;:clllllxOOOkKXWWKOxcc,';:';ccllddXMMKNNOWWXX0O0kldodd0000OOXNX0OkOOkO0X0OXKkldc:o:,;;::clddlddkdOxoxkkOOOOOOOOOOl;;;;;ddodxkk0NKWNkl:xKkk00K00OOO::Od::;'',',;lox000xdoddolkxOK000Ol00o0KOKOOkxxkkOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOxl;, llllllllllll:;::::cco0OOkXKXXKOO0OKK0doddxxxxddollcclclccc:;;::cccllkKKNWXXKXkcc;.,lc:c:lll;ddKWKXNXMWNNk000locdcd:lkOkxkKX00kkO0k0K0OKXkxcco;,;;;,ccoxlxdcoOkxxkOOOOOOOOOOOOxc:;xKkOxkcoK0OOX000kkkkkOk0Okddocll:;;,,;;;:odxxO00xoldkokO00000ddxkK00KOdKKOdKxkOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkx ooooollllllll;;;::cccoxxxO000XOkkkOOdollllllllcccccllllllllc:;;:::;:oKNW0xdoKl:;':xllcclcccco0kKXKNNKNXW0O0NxodkdOxkOkkkOkk0KNK000OOKKO0XKkod,,;loxxdodkokOOOkkkkkxxxxddddolllooKO:;lKNxXXXKNKxOO00kxcokdkko:::::;:cldOOKK0kkOdOOklc,;,;cox0kOkOOK0K0O0K00kOO000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ooooooooooooolc:;;::cdxOkOkxOOOxdxxooololllcccllllooollllllllc:;:loxNNKOOOk0kll:okkooooolloox00kO0XNKNXNXXXKkkO000Od0OOO000OOK0OXXXlolloxk0K0dlclokkolxddOk00ko::::cccclllccccxXd::cclkKWXN0W0Ok0KO0kdclkxxOocc::cOxkxdOKKK0kdooOkxocdxxxollxxoccox0OkO0K00000OOOOOOOkkxxxxxxddddddddddo ooooooooolllllloollxOxxdxO0O0KkddllclclclllllloooooolllllllllllcclON0NXKk0XNXXXXXXXXXXXXXNXNXXXKO0KNX0kkOXNXXKKNNNXkxddxxxdolddOOdd::cclloxdxxolllcxkdkxkO00kc:::ccccllllcc:lK0c;:ccccdxNXXXX0k000dokO0OxOOdkdllo0c:dKOXNXOcoxxclxO0xd00XklodO0KKcldkOdcxkdxkxooolc:::;:;::::::::::::ccc oooooollcllllloodooodOxkdkO0Xxlcc:cccccclcccllclcccclllllcccccccllxdOkkxxkO0l';ccccccc'lokxddoxKNNOocc:::;':cccccldc:cldk0oc:;,ckkc:cc:cccoldl::c:::l;;,;coOxl::::::c:::::cdXk:,;cccccckOKXNNK0OkOOddlok0OOodOxOk:ccco0NKNkllcoOxOkxKKXXX:x000kKX0OO0KO00Okoxxlc:cccclclcllc::::::;:::;; llllcc:ccccccclllcllloolcldO0dollcccllllooollllllllollclllccclcllolllxxdoooOOdlcc:cc;cc:o000OXNNkcclcc:::c:cc::::c:odxkxcoOl,,cccoxdc:::::llo:;;:::::dxOKOlcxkc;;;;::;:;;;oK0xkOOOOOOk00000X0kXX000Okdddddkd::Od:lccclOOKXOxxllkOk0OxKXXKxkcdOKKKkOKXK00KOOkldx:;;,,;,,,;,,,;,,,,,,,,,,' cccllccclllccclllllllldk0XKxdOkolllcllccccclccclccccclcccccllc:col::lxOOXKdddOd:::;:l:::c0XNN0dclc:::ccccccc:::::lxokKNklccllcccclxx::;;;:lco::::;clxld0XOclldklc::::::;:lxddc;:;;c;coxOkK0ddkNxlddkkd;;,:oo:dOdddddxkOO0xoxkxkkdkdxkkOKO00kkxkkO000OO00KkOkkxdxlc:::cc:cc:cc:c::;;;;;;, ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;cdkdoKWKxxdxkd;;:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;c::ld:llldokK0kxkxxxc;cc'::d0XXkc',;:::::::::ccllcclk0ddxkklclooolllooxOllllccooolllloxKdxxoxololdxxollllcc::clcoo,...;odxO0Oxoxddxdxxxoddllcccll:oc..coxk0OolcllokklcccoO0l:;'lod0O0kxOOklldoclocxdooolollllloolooooloooooo clolllllllllololloooKxoodddxxxkoxoooooooooooddoooddddddddddolo' .. ';;ldxxllxxxkoo:cXNKl;xo..:xxxxxxdoxxxxxxxddKcckoxxxxl''''''',,:cddddxxkdddxdlK:odlddddo;xodddooooc;...;l, ;k00o;,:.clclllll,cllc...':;c: cOOdcccc:cclkOc,'';cc;;;.cod:llodool;';cc:l,cllc:cclclllc,,;;;'.d:;;;; dkkodooodddddddddddokdoldoddookoooooolooollooodoooddloolodxooc,''',,:dkOdlll:clc:doOXWO:..':;;':::c:::;;ccclcllcc:::;;,;;;,......'oxdlx,,;:;:,,,;;,,,,,,,,''''','.......;l::lol''':dd;,,,',,,,''';,,,'..::::c:::;,;ccccc::;,:lllloc::::::loooooloooooooc::coxdoooddddolllllccollllodddod dOkddxxddxdxddddxdoodollcccc:::;::;;:;;,,;,;;cccc;;::ll:;;x:,'ccc:llldOOo:cccloook0WNc .;ll;coooollllclollllcc:cccccccccccllcllcdkxcxllllccc::c::cc:ccllc:ccccc:,''';:::,,dkk:lcololllclololllllllolllccccccllllcclloolooxolldldkkxxxdoooddodxxxxkxooolllooddooddoddxdloddxxxxxxxxkxddMulti-agent middleware illustration
LangGraph
What it took to make a multi-agent AI stack survive production: model routing, approval gates, retries, cost control, and sane control flow.
ooooooooooooooooooooooooolloooooooooooooooooooooddoooddddddddddddddddddoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooololllllllllllllllloooooooooooooooooooooddooooooooolloollllllllooooooooooooollooooolllllllllllooooooolollllllllllllllllllloollllcccccccccc
ooooooooooooooooooooollloollloooooolooooooooooooooooodddddddddddddddddddddoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollloooooooooooooooooooooooooooolollllllllolllllllllolololoooooooooooooodooooooooooollllllllllooooooooooooooollloollllccllccclllooooolllllllllcclllllllllllllllllcccccccccc
ooooollooolooooollooooooddoooloooolooooooooooooooooooddododddoooooooddooddddddooolooooooooooooooooooooooooddooooodddddddooollllllloollllloloolllollloollllloooooddddoddooooooooooododoooooooooooolllllllooooooooooooooolllllllllllllllllccclllllllllllllccccccllcccllllllllllllccccccccc
oooooooooooooolloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooddddddoddooooooooodddddddddddddddddoddddoooolllllllllllllllooolllllllllooodoooodddddodooddoddddooooooooooooooooooooololoooollooooooolollllllllllllllolllcllllllllccccccccccccccclllllllllcccccccccccc
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollooooodddddddddddddoddddddddddoooooooooooooooooolllllllllllllllllllllooooddddddooooooodddddoddddoooooooooooololooooooooollllllllooooooollllllllloooollllllllllllllllcllccccccccccccclllllllcccccccc::cccl
llllolololoooollooooooooooooooooooooolllloloooooooooooooolloolooolllllllllllllllllllooooooooooddodddddddddooolllllllllllooooooooollllllllooooodoooodddddoooodddooooddddddddoooooooooooooollllollllllllllllllloooooooooolllllloooolllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllllllllllllccccccccll
lllllllloollloooooooooooolooooloollllllllllooooooooooooolloooolllllllcccccccclllllllllllloooooooooddddooooollllllllllllloddddooooollllllodddooddddddddoooooodddddodddddddoooooooooooooooooooooolllllllllllloloooooooooololllloolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccclll
ccllllooooooooooooooooolllllllllllllllllloooooollllllllllllllllcccccccc:::ccccccccllllllllooooooooooollllllllcllllllooooodddddddooooooooodooooddoddooooododddodddddooodooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolloolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclcccccclccccccccllccccccclll
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloollllllllllllllllllcccccc::::::::cccccccllllllllllllooollllllllllllllcllloooooooooooooododdooooodoodoooooooddodddoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooloooooooollllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc::::::::c:ccccccccccll
llllllccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllcccccllcccccc:::::::::ccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolooooooooollllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllccccccccccccccccccccc:c::::::::::::::::::::::::::ccccccccccl
cccccccccccccc::c::cccccccccclllllllclllllllccccccccccc:::::::::::::cccccllllccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooloooololllolllollooooololllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcccccclccccccccccccccccccccc::::::::cccccc:::::::::::;;:::::::::::::cccccccccc
:cccccccccccccccccccccccllllccccccccccccccccccc::::::::::;;;;;:ccccccclcclccclllcccclllllcccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllcllllcccccccccc:c:c::cc::::::::::::::::ccccccccclooollc:::::;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::::::::::::::
::c:::ccc:::ccc:cc::::ccccccc:c::::::::::::::::;;:::;::;::::::cccccccccccccclcccccccccllllccclclccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcccccccccccccccccccccccccccc::::ccc::::::::::::cccclcclcllccc:cccccllcc:::::::cccccc::::;;::;:;;:;:clllollllllloooollclccccc:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::::;;::
::::::::::::::::::::;;;:::::::::;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::ccc::::::::::::ccccccccc:ccccccc:cccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllllccccccccccccccccccccccccccc::::c:::::::::;;;;;;;;:;;::::::::::cccc:ccclllccc:::;;;;::::;;;;;;;,,;;;;;:::::;;;::::::::cccclllllllc;;;,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::::
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,,;,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;;:;:;;;;;;;::::::::::c:c::::::::::::::::::::cccc::::::clllllllllclccccccccccccllccccccc:::::::cccccc:::::ccc:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::ccc:::cc:ccclc:::;;;;;;;;,;;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,;::cccccc::cclclc::ccccclc:cc;,,;;;;;;;;:;:cllllo
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c:::::cccccccccccccc::c:::::cccccc:::::::::::cclllccc::;;:::;;;;;;;;;;;,,,,,,,,,;looddooc:clcc::::::::;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;:;::::cccclllllllllllcccc::cloooooddddol:,,,,::cccllllllllll
,',,,',,,,',,,,,',,,',',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::::c:::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::cccccc::cccc::;;;;:::c:::;;;:::::,,;:cooodooolllc:::;;;:;;;,,,,,,,,,,,;,;::ccc:::::cllllllllllllllllllcccccllclllloooolllcc:ccllcllllllllllcc
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,','''''''''',''''''''''',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,,;;;;:::::::;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;,,,,,;;;;;;;;;:::::;;;::::::::::;;;;;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;::::::::::cccccclllllllllllcccc:::::;,;;,,;;::;;,;;;,,,,;:ccccccccc;;,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,',,'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''','',''',','''',',''''''''''''''''',,,,,,,,,,,',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::::::::::::::::;;;;,,,,,,,;;;;;;;;;,,,,''''''''',,,,',;::
,,,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,''',,''''''''''''',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,',,,,',,,,,,,,,',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,'',,,,,',,'''''',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,',,,,',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,'''''''''''''''''''''''''.......',;;
,,;,,,,,;;;;,,,,,;;;;;;;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c:cc:ccccccccccccccc:cccccc:::::::::::;::::cc::::c:::;;;:::ccccllcllcccc:::::;;;;;;;;;;,;,,,,,,,,,',,',,,'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''.'........''.......'''''.'.............'...................
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;;::::::::::::::::cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllcllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooooooooooooooooooooooooooolcclooololooloooollllc:;;,,;;;;:::cccllc::;;;;;;;;,,,,,,'''.............................................................
,,,,,,,,,.,',,,,,,;;;,,,;,,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::c:cccc::cccccccccccccccccccclcccllllllcllllllollllllllllllllllllllloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodoodoooddddooooooddddooodooooloooooooolllcllodddddddddddolccloolc:;:::cccc:::;;:;;;;;;,,.'''.....................................'''
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Learning Through Open SourceSoftware Engineering
Open source bug-fixing taught me more about architecture, frameworks, and review taste than tutorials ever did.
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oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollooooodddddddddddddoddddddddddoooooooooooooooooolllllllllllllllllllllooooddddddooooooodddddoddddoooooooooooololooooooooollllllllooooooollllllllloooollllllllllllllllcllccccccccccccclllllllcccccccc::cccl
llllolololoooollooooooooooooooooooooolllloloooooooooooooolloolooolllllllllllllllllllooooooooooddodddddddddooolllllllllllooooooooollllllllooooodoooodddddoooodddooooddddddddoooooooooooooollllollllllllllllllloooooooooolllllloooolllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllllllllllllccccccccll
lllllllloollloooooooooooolooooloollllllllllooooooooooooolloooolllllllcccccccclllllllllllloooooooooddddooooollllllllllllloddddooooollllllodddooddddddddoooooodddddodddddddoooooooooooooooooooooolllllllllllloloooooooooololllloolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccclll
ccllllooooooooooooooooolllllllllllllllllloooooollllllllllllllllcccccccc:::ccccccccllllllllooooooooooollllllllcllllllooooodddddddooooooooodooooddoddooooododddodddddooodooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolloolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclcccccclccccccccllccccccclll
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloollllllllllllllllllcccccc::::::::cccccccllllllllllllooollllllllllllllcllloooooooooooooododdooooodoodoooooooddodddoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooloooooooollllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc::::::::c:ccccccccccll
llllllccccccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllcccccllcccccc:::::::::ccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolooooooooollllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcclllccccccccccccccccccccc:c::::::::::::::::::::::::::ccccccccccl
cccccccccccccc::c::cccccccccclllllllclllllllccccccccccc:::::::::::::cccccllllccccccccllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllloooloooololllolllollooooololllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcccccclccccccccccccccccccccc::::::::cccccc:::::::::::;;:::::::::::::cccccccccc
:cccccccccccccccccccccccllllccccccccccccccccccc::::::::::;;;;;:ccccccclcclccclllcccclllllcccccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllccllllllllllllllllccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllcllllcccccccccc:c:c::cc::::::::::::::::ccccccccclooollc:::::;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::::::::::::::
::c:::ccc:::ccc:cc::::ccccccc:c::::::::::::::::;;:::;::;::::::cccccccccccccclcccccccccllllccclclccccclllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcccccccccccccccccccccccccccc::::ccc::::::::::::cccclcclcllccc:cccccllcc:::::::cccccc::::;;::;:;;:;:clllollllllloooollclccccc:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::::;;::
::::::::::::::::::::;;;:::::::::;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::ccc::::::::::::ccccccccc:ccccccc:cccccccccccccccccccccccccllllllllllllllllccccccccccccccccccccccccccc::::c:::::::::;;;;;;;;:;;::::::::::cccc:ccclllccc:::;;;;::::;;;;;;;,,;;;;;:::::;;;::::::::cccclllllllc;;;,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::::
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,,;,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;;:;:;;;;;;;::::::::::c:c::::::::::::::::::::cccc::::::clllllllllclccccccccccccllccccccc:::::::cccccc:::::ccc:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::ccc:::cc:ccclc:::;;;;;;;;,;;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,;::cccccc::cclclc::ccccclc:cc;,,;;;;;;;;:;:cllllo
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c:::::cccccccccccccc::c:::::cccccc:::::::::::cclllccc::;;:::;;;;;;;;;;;,,,,,,,,,;looddooc:clcc::::::::;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;:;::::cccclllllllllllcccc::cloooooddddol:,,,,::cccllllllllll
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,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,','''''''''',''''''''''',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,,;;;;:::::::;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;,,,,,;;;;;;;;;:::::;;;::::::::::;;;;;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;;::::::::::cccccclllllllllllcccc:::::;,;;,,;;::;;,;;;,,,,;:ccccccccc;;,
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,,,,,.. .....''....'......,;;,,;;,,,,,,,,,,,;;;,,;;;::::;;;;;;::::::::ccc::;;::::::::::cccclcccllllllllllllllllllollooooolooollllooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooollllllooolllolllcccccclcccllloooc:;;;:::;;;;;;:llllooooooooolc:;;';;;;;;;;;;;,,,,,;,,,,,,,',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Open Source Drive-By FixesOpen Source
A piece on drive-by open source fixes, why I keep chasing them, and what that habit has taught me.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;;;::;;;;;;;;;; :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:;;;;;;;;; ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;;;;;; ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c::c:::c:cc:::::c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;;; :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c:cccccccccllodddddxdOxxxxxkxxxxkOxxdxddddoollcccccccccc:::c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ccc:::::c:c:c:cccccccclododdk0kkxxxdxddox0kOdkokoOoxoddOdOoOdOxkkKOOxxddlccccccccccccccccccccccc::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::c::::c:::ccc:c:cc:ccccccccccccccccclddddxxxddoookOxxddoddolokkkOdkdkxxdxdxxkxxxxxxxdkOkOxOxxOkkkOxdlcccccccccccccccc::ccccccc::cccc:c::::c:c::cc:c:::::c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::ccc::c:cccc:::cccc::ccc:ccccccc:cccccccccccccccccccccloooxlkOxddolocccxO0OOxOdkdolkOkkKO0x0kxxkxOOKO0OOKkxkOk0kOdkdxxOoO00kkxdoccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:ccccccccccccc:::::c::c:c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccoooddooloclkOOxxxdoclcdOk00kkxxokdkOkkKx0x0kkkxxK000OKk0kOdK0XOK00KO0dxO0kkkOxOkxkxocccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllxkdoolc::llkk0OkxdlooolOx0O0xkxkkxkOkOKk0O0OOOxOKKOKOKOKOdOKKKKOXOXOOxKKX0OOdxkOd00OOxdlcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:c:cc::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllllcolxkdolclclloOx0Oxdodxdokx000Okk0OOOKk0000O00O000XXKX00XKOx0KNKXK0XOKxO0XKXKKXKKkx00O0kkkxdlcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:cc:ccccccc:ccccc:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccclllcccc:ccxlOOolodollckdk0OddxOOkOkkKO0kxxddkdOxxxkdxOkddkOkxxkOOkkOOKKKKXXXK0OKXKNKKKKKO0XXKOxxO0Od0Kkocccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:c:c:cc::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 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cccccccccccccccccccccclcclc;;;;;;;:d:::clollcc::ldocxokdooolldxkxOOllodkOxk00xxxdkkkxkOkdkkxkkkxxdkK0kkOxxd0k0kKOOK00KXX0KO0OXXXXKXKKOON0OK0kOXNXXNNNNXOkXO0XKlccclclccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccclcclcclcccclclllc:oc;;:::;;:x::coolcooocclxlkddoolloooxkkO0dxxddxkxxkdoookxxxxldkOOxxdOOkxkK0OkxxdOxxxO0OkkK00O0OOOKKXNXXXKK0XNX0OkKKk0KKNWNNNNNK0KXXkkllllllllcclccllcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc llllclllllllcclllllllllc;,;cc:;::::::d::odccllcodoldOOxddkxxdlclod0kdooxokdxOdllldkxxddxxdkOOkxxxd0XOkOOkx0O000kdxkOxkkk0k00O0KXN0OKXXXKXNXX0OXK00NWNNNXKKOXXOxklllllllllllllllllllllllcllllcccccccccccclccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc llllllllllllllllllllll:,,;;:o:::;:::;ld::d:c::::clllxodooclccloloxoxxxxdodOkkOolookxddookxOxxkOkkxKXO0O0O00K00kxx000kOkxdkO0KK0OOOOXXXXKNNX0XKKKXOOXXKKKXNNO0XxkOolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcllllllllccclllcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc llllllllllllllllllllc:,,;;;;;l:clc;:::oo:ol::c::::lo:olclllllloloodlolkkxdx0kOxoldxxllooxkkkxdoooOXNK0OOOKKOKOxx000OKOOxkOOOxkkkO0K0O0KXXXXXNXWKKX0OXNXXNNNXk0KKN0lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllclllllllcclcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc lllllllllllllllllllc:;,,;;;;;;c:;coo;::docl:::cccoc::collddclldoollxoddooxkOOk0xdkxxddddkdokddoookO0kkkkkkO0O0k00OO0KKkOOKKKOOO0OkOOkddKKKXKXNNK0OOXKOXWWNWNN0NNOkolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc 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OOkkkOOkkOOOOdlllddxkOkkkOO00KKKXXXK0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOo:cldollxxkkxxOOKWWX0dclo;;.cc';ldNNNMXNNoOWM0kOXdc:ccodxxONNKOOOkOOO00XO0NK0ll:;::;::::cOOxkkKKXXOkkOOOK0OOOOOOOx;;;;;;:c:coxO0OxkxxXXK0O0OK0K0OOd,OKkdlok0Oo0OKK00XOkdllkkcdkOo00OOdkONxKokdxOOkOxkxOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOl;,,, doollllllllol;clollddxkxxOO000000XXXK0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOk:;:clllllxOOOkKXWWKOxcc,';:';ccllddXMMKNNOWWXX0O0kldodd0000OOXNX0OkOOkO0X0OXKkldc:o:,;;::clddlddkdOxoxkkOOOOOOOOOOl;;;;;ddodxkk0NKWNkl:xKkk00K00OOO::Od::;'',',;lox000xdoddolkxOK000Ol00o0KOKOOkxxkkOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOxl;, llllllllllll:;::::cco0OOkXKXXKOO0OKK0doddxxxxddollcclclccc:;;::cccllkKKNWXXKXkcc;.,lc:c:lll;ddKWKXNXMWNNk000locdcd:lkOkxkKX00kkO0k0K0OKXkxcco;,;;;,ccoxlxdcoOkxxkOOOOOOOOOOOOxc:;xKkOxkcoK0OOX000kkkkkOk0Okddocll:;;,,;;;:odxxO00xoldkokO00000ddxkK00KOdKKOdKxkOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOkx ooooollllllll;;;::cccoxxxO000XOkkkOOdollllllllcccccllllllllc:;;:::;:oKNW0xdoKl:;':xllcclcccco0kKXKNNKNXW0O0NxodkdOxkOkkkOkk0KNK000OOKKO0XKkod,,;loxxdodkokOOOkkkkkxxxxddddolllooKO:;lKNxXXXKNKxOO00kxcokdkko:::::;:cldOOKK0kkOdOOklc,;,;cox0kOkOOK0K0O0K00kOO000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ooooooooooooolc:;;::cdxOkOkxOOOxdxxooololllcccllllooollllllllc:;:loxNNKOOOk0kll:okkooooolloox00kO0XNKNXNXXXKkkO000Od0OOO000OOK0OXXXlolloxk0K0dlclokkolxddOk00ko::::cccclllccccxXd::cclkKWXN0W0Ok0KO0kdclkxxOocc::cOxkxdOKKK0kdooOkxocdxxxollxxoccox0OkO0K00000OOOOOOOkkxxxxxxddddddddddo ooooooooolllllloollxOxxdxO0O0KkddllclclclllllloooooolllllllllllcclON0NXKk0XNXXXXXXXXXXXXXNXNXXXKO0KNX0kkOXNXXKKNNNXkxddxxxdolddOOdd::cclloxdxxolllcxkdkxkO00kc:::ccccllllcc:lK0c;:ccccdxNXXXX0k000dokO0OxOOdkdllo0c:dKOXNXOcoxxclxO0xd00XklodO0KKcldkOdcxkdxkxooolc:::;:;::::::::::::ccc 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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;cdkdoKWKxxdxkd;;:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;c::ld:llldokK0kxkxxxc;cc'::d0XXkc',;:::::::::ccllcclk0ddxkklclooolllooxOllllccooolllloxKdxxoxololdxxollllcc::clcoo,...;odxO0Oxoxddxdxxxoddllcccll:oc..coxk0OolcllokklcccoO0l:;'lod0O0kxOOklldoclocxdooolollllloolooooloooooo clolllllllllololloooKxoodddxxxkoxoooooooooooddoooddddddddddolo' .. ';;ldxxllxxxkoo:cXNKl;xo..:xxxxxxdoxxxxxxxddKcckoxxxxl''''''',,:cddddxxkdddxdlK:odlddddo;xodddooooc;...;l, ;k00o;,:.clclllll,cllc...':;c: cOOdcccc:cclkOc,'';cc;;;.cod:llodool;';cc:l,cllc:cclclllc,,;;;'.d:;;;; dkkodooodddddddddddokdoldoddookoooooolooollooodoooddloolodxooc,''',,:dkOdlll:clc:doOXWO:..':;;':::c:::;;ccclcllcc:::;;,;;;,......'oxdlx,,;:;:,,,;;,,,,,,,,''''','.......;l::lol''':dd;,,,',,,,''';,,,'..::::c:::;,;ccccc::;,:lllloc::::::loooooloooooooc::coxdoooddddolllllccollllodddod dOkddxxddxdxddddxdoodollcccc:::;::;;:;;,,;,;;cccc;;::ll:;;x:,'ccc:llldOOo:cccloook0WNc .;ll;coooollllclollllcc:cccccccccccllcllcdkxcxllllccc::c::cc:ccllc:ccccc:,''';:::,,dkk:lcololllclololllllllolllccccccllllcclloolooxolldldkkxxxdoooddodxxxxkxooolllooddooddoddxdloddxxxxxxxxkxddModel Context Protocol diagram
AI Development
Why MCP matters less as hype and more as a clean way to give models tools, resources, and context without brittle copy-paste.